Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)

Empowering Healthy Choices for Healthier Futures
"Through the HMHB programme, I learned the importance of staying alcohol-free during pregnancy. My second child was born healthy, and I am now an advocate for FASD prevention," – HMHB Beneficiary.
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Aware.org tackles FASD through national dialogue.

AWARE.org convened a landmark Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Roundtable in Johannesburg, bringing together government, health, education, research, civil society, and industry leaders. The dialogue addressed the stark reality that South Africa holds the highest recorded FASD prevalence rates globally, impacting tens of thousands of children each year with preventable lifelong disabilities.

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What is FASD?

Definition

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) is a group of conditions that can occur in a person exposed to alcohol during pregnancy.

Features of FASD

  • Physical features: Decreased height, weight, and head circumference. Birth defects, organ damage, characteristic facial features and other physical abnormalities
  • Cognitive challenges: Learning disabilities, speech and language delays, poor memory, attention deficits.
  • Behavioural challenges: Hyperactivity, poor impulse control, emotional regulation and social challenges.

Aware FASD Roundtable

South Africa has the highest reported prevalence of FASD in the world. In response, AWARE.org convened a national FASD Roundtable with leaders from government, health, research, and civil society.The engagement shared data, dispelled myths, and created a unified path forward.Watch the video to see how we’re driving collective action for healthier futures for South Africa’s children.
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FASD Roundtable Outcomes

This infographic highlights the key insights and commitments from AWARE.org’s national FASD Roundtable, held in Johannesburg in 2025. Bringing together leaders from government, healthcare, research, education, civil society and industry, the session addressed South Africa’s alarming FASD rates and the urgent need for coordinated, evidence-based prevention. The roundtable unpacked the drivers of risk, gaps in awareness and support, and the critical role of early education and compassionate community interventions. It also set out four priority action areas to guide long-term national impact. The message is clear: FASD is entirely preventable, and through collective action, South Africa can ensure every child is born FASD-free.
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Causes and prevention

Causes

FASD is caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. No amount of alcohol is safe at any time during pregnancy. FASD is a lifelong condition but it is preventable.

Prevention Tips

  • Avoid alcohol: If you are pregnant or trying to become pregnant, do not drink alcohol.
  • Seek support: If you find it difficult to stop drinking, seek help from a healthcare provider or a support group.
  • Educate others: Spread the word about the risks of drinking during pregnancy.

Impact of  FASD

On Individuals living with FASD

Intellectual disabilities and learning disorders, including challenges with memory, learning new information, concentration, and critical thinking.

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On families

Families may face emotional and financial strain due to the extra care and support required for individuals  including adults & children with FASD.

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On communities

High prevalence rates of FASD can strain public health resources and contribute to societal challenges.

Overcoming stigma

Understanding stigma

People with FASD, their mothers, and their families often face social stigma, discrimination, and isolation.Stigma never helps and always causes harm, preventing those who need it from seeking help and support.Awareness and education are key to reducing stigma and creating supportive environments.

How you can help

  • Be informed: Educate yourself and others about FASD.
  • Be supportive: Offer understanding and support to individuals and families affected by FASD.
  • Advocate: Promote policies and programs that support FASD prevention and support.

How Aware.org and FARR Are Making a Difference

Programmes

Healthy Mother Healthy Baby (HMHB) Programme:

Provides education and resources to expectant mothers to prevent FASD.

Community Outreach

Awareness campaigns and community programs to educate the public about the dangers of consuming alcohol during pregnancy.

Support

Resources and contact information

Where to get help:

Join the cause:

  • Donate to support FASD prevention and support programmes.

Contact Us:

*All images depicted are of models and not actual mothers or their children. The children shown do not represent those affected or unaffected by Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD).

Resources

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